Most packaged meals and snacks marketed to toddlers have more than the recommended amount of sodium per serving, meaning children as young as 1 are most likely eating far too much salt early in life, according to one of several studies on sodium.
The studies were presented recently at the American Heart Associationās Epidemiology and Prevention/Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2013 Scientific Sessions in New Orleans.
The findings were alarming to researchers since there is evidence a childās sodium intake is related to the likelihood that he or she will develop hypertension as an adult. Hypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and the No. 1 killer of men and women in the United States.
āThe good news is that commercial foods for babies, when they start complimentary feeding from 4 to 12 months … are relatively low in sodium,ā said Joyce Maalouf, the studyās lead author and a fellow at the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
āBut the products marketed to toddlers were significantly higher in sodium: more than 75 percent of the toddler meals and snacks had high sodium content.ā
Maalouf and her team reviewed more than 1,100 products specifically marketed to babies and toddlers that were sold in grocery stores. Any product that had more than 210 milligrams of sodium per serving was defined as being high in sodium, based on guidelines outlined by the Institute of Medicine and MyPlate.gov for salt intake and young children.
Some of the toddler meals tested had upwards of 630 milligrams of sodium per serving. Meals and āsavory snacksā had the highest amount of sodium compared to the cereal bars and fruit snacks that were tested.
Maalouf and her team are not releasing the brand names of the foods they tested but described the meals as being readily available in grocery stores aisles stocked with food for babies and toddlers.
āWeāre talking meals that are pre-packed … like mac and cheese, pasta with meat sauce, pizza, or chicken and vegetables,ā says Maalouf. āThese are not frozen meals, theyāre usually microwavable.ā
The UDSA recommends toddlers ages 1 to 3 consume between 1,000 and 1,500 milligrams of sodium daily.
Maalouf says parents need to be aware that eating too much salt can be a problem in young children and encourages people to read nutrition labels before buying meals or snacks for their children.
āThese meals are not the only meal that kids will eat,ā says Maalouf.Ā āTheyāre growing, theyāre always snacking. So theyāre eating seven to eight servings and meals per day.ā
Two other studies being presented at the annual meeting focus on the global effects of too much sodium.
According to one, the average intake of sodium among three-quarters of the worldās population was nearly 4,000 milligrams a day in 2010, almost double the World Health Organizationās recommendation of 2,000 milligrams.
Researchers calculated in a second study that nearly 2.3 million people worldwide died from cardiovascular deaths attributable to too much sodium in 2010 alone.
āIn the United States and similar countries, the burden for change lies with the government and with the food industry,ā says Dr. DariushĀ Mozaffarian, cardiologist and lead author of the second study. Mozaffarian is the co-director of the Program in Cardiovascular Epidemiology and associate professor of medicine and epidemiology at Brigham and Womenās Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Ā āSalt is spread so evenly throughout our food system, there have to be policies to minimize how much sodium we eat.ā
Both studies were part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study and were funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.